Global change strongly affects biodiversity and ecosystem functionality in agricultural landscapes through climate change, land use intensification and related habitat degradation. To counteract these negative impacts, various ecosystem and landscape restoration (ELR) measures were developed. However, restoration science still lacks a deeper understanding of key indicators of transition to more resilient ecosystems and landscapes, well-designed experiments identifying factors for success or failure of ELR measures, and comprehensive analyses of existing data for evidence-based restoration.

To overcome these deficiencies, within our research impulse (RI) AgriRestore, we aim to extend the current state of knowledge in restoration science by assessing the effects of temporary and permanent ELR measures in agricultural landscapes. In an innovative approach we will combine real-world with mesocosm experiments and use remote sensing for up- and downscaling identified patterns. We will study the extremely dry and partly very simple agricultural landscape of Saxony-Anhalt along a complexity gradient. We will further evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence base through meta-analyses and knowledge graphs and assess the benefits, risks and uncertainties of ELR measures to better understand the underlying mechanisms. In detail, we will study effects of ELR measures regarding above- and below-ground biodiversity, related ecosystem functions (incl. ecosystem services and disservices) and processes by comparing restored and degraded sites. We will also study positive legacy effects, which are often overlooked, by combining historical ELR measures and related biodiversity data with multi-scale remote sensing data to extrapolate findings. Further, we will use novel analytic approaches to gain an in-depth understanding of the relationships and processes related to ELR measures, to test for transferability of results beyond the study region, and to synthesise our field-based findings.

Focusing on synergies of ELR measures our research will provide unique and extensive data for biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and processes. Building on that, we will develop different scenarios and derive key indicators for transitions towards more resilient ecosystems and landscapes across spatial and temporal scales.